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040			_cMANILA TYTANA COLLEGES LIBRARY
100			_aJohnson, Dan R.
245	2		_aReflecting on explanatory ability : _ba mechanism for detecting gaps in causal knowledge / _cDan R. Johnson, Meredith P. Murphy, Riley M. Messer
260			_cMay 2016
336			_atxt
337			_aunmediated
338			_avolumes
440			_aJournal of Experimental Psychology : General _n145 : 5, page 573-588
520			_aPeople frequently overestimate their understanding-with a particularly large blind-spot for gaps in their causal knowledge. We introduce a metacognitive approach to reducing overestimation, termed reflecting on explanatory ability (REA), which is briefly thinking about how well one could explain something in a mechanistic, step-by-step, causally connected manner. Nine experiments demonstrated that engaging in REA just before estimating one's understanding substantially reduced overestimation. Moreover, REA reduced overestimation with nearly the same potency as generating full explanations, but did so 20 times faster (although only for high complexity objects). REA substantially reduced overestimation by inducing participants to quickly evaluate an object's inherent causal complexity (Experiments 4-7). REA reduced overestimation by also fostering step-by-step, causally connected processing (Experiments 2 and 3). Alternative explanations for REA's effects were ruled out including a general conservatism account (Experiments 4 and 5) and a covert explanation account (Experiment 8). REA's overestimation-reduction effect generalized beyond objects (Experiments 1-8) to sociopolitical policies (Experiment 9). REA efficiently detects gaps in our causal knowledge with implications for improving self-directed learning, enhancing self-insight into vocational and academic abilities, and even reducing extremist attitudes.
521			_aPsychology
650			_aCausation.
650			_aExplanation.
650			_aReflection (Philosophy).
650			_aMetacognition.
700			_aMurphy, Meredith P.
700			_aMesser, Riley M.
942			_cA _2lcc
998			_c80598 _d138961
999			_c77599 _d77599